Modem - Network Device Class 11 and 12

 Modem:

1. Modem stands for modulation - demodulation.

2. Modem is a input as well as output device.

3. Modem is used to convert digital signal into analog signal and also used to convert analog signal into digital signal.

4. Modulation is the process to convert digital signal into analog signal.

5. Demodulation is the process to convert analog signal into digital signal.

Types of Modulation:

1. AM

2. PM

3. FM

Gateway - Network Device Class 11 and 12

Gateway:

1. Gateway is a networking device. 

2. Gateway is operate on Network Layer.

3. Gateway is used to connect the networks which are operates on different protocols.

4. Gateway does not support dynamic routing.

5. The main function of a gateway is to translate one protocol to the other.

6. Gateway is hosted on dedicated applications, physical servers or virtual applications.

7. The additional features provided by a gateway are network access control, protocol conversion etc.

8. Gateway can also be defined as a node which acts as an entrance for the other nodes in the network.

9. A gateway is a hardware device that works as a “gate” between two networks.

Repeater- Network Device Class 11 and 12

 Repeater:

1. Repeater is a networking device.

2. Repeater operator at physical layer.

3. Data used in the bit format in the repeater.

4. Repeater is used to regenerator the signals to its original strength.

5. Repeater is a two port device.

6. Repeater is also known as signal boosters.

Router - Network Device Class 11 and 12

 Router:

1. Router is a networking device.

2. Router is a Network Layer device.

3. Router works for WAN (Wide Area Network)

4. Router works for communication between different network.

5. Router is an inter network device.

6. Router use IP address

7. Data use as a packet in Router.

8. Router perform routing operation

9. Router use routing table.

10. Router usally support 2/4/8 etc ports

11. Router is slower than switch.

12. Router support 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps speed

Switch - Network Device Class 11 and 12

 Switch:

1. Switch is a networking device.

2. Switch is a data link layer device.

3. Switch works in LAN (Local Area Network)

4. Switch works in same network.

5. Switch is an intra-network device

6. Switch use MAC (Media Access Control) address

7. Switch is an intelligent device

8. Data use as a frame format in switch.

9. Switch  use CAM (Content Accessable Memory) table

10. Switch usally used in 8/16/24/48 ports

11. Switch is a multiport device.

12. Switch is a full duplex device

13. No collision occurs in switch.

14. In switch every port has its collision table.

15. Switch support advanced features like VLAN, STP, RSTP etc.

16. Switch is faster than router.

17. Switch support 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps speed.

Bridge - Network Device Class 11 and 12

 

Bridge

1. Bridge is a network device.

2. Bridge is a Data Link Layer Device.

3. Bridge is a two port device

4. Bridge used to interconnect two LAN's working on same protocol.

5. Bridge is an Intra-Networking device

6. Bridge can read and store MAC address.

7. Bridge is like a repeater with additional functionality that it can read MAC address

Types of Bridge:

1. Transparent Bridge: 

Stations /PC's are unaware from the existence of bridge.

2. Source Routing Bridge:

Source station perform rounting operation and data send to specific route. Both stations ( sender and receiver) are aware of existence of the bridge.

Hub - Network Device Class 11 and 12

 HUB:

1. Hub is a network device

2. Hub is a Physical Layer device.

3. Hub is a multiport device.

4. Signal travel in the form of bits in Hub.

5. Hub support electric signal

6. Hub is a half duplex device

7. Hub is an unintelligent device

8. Hub does not learn or store MAC address

9. Collision occurs commonly in Hub

10. Hub support only single collision dimension

11. Hub does not support Advanced features like VLAN, STP, RSTP etc.

Types of Hub:

1. Active Hub

Which hub have own power supply is called active hub.

2. Passive Hub

Which hub used Active hub power supply is called passive hub.